What Are Amalgam Fillings?
Amalgam is a dental material used to fill cavities after the decayed portion of a tooth has been removed. It is a mixture of metals, including silver, tin, copper, and mercury. The mercury binds the metals together, creating a strong, durable filling that can withstand the forces of chewing and grinding.
Amalgam fillings are known for their silver appearance, which can darken over time. They are primarily used in the back teeth (molars) where the force of chewing is the greatest and where cosmetic appearance is less of a concern.
Benefits of Amalgam Fillings
Amalgam fillings offer several key advantages, making them a popular choice for dental restorations:
- Durability: Amalgam is one of the most durable filling materials available, capable of withstanding heavy chewing forces. This makes it an ideal choice for large cavities or areas subjected to significant pressure.
- Longevity: Amalgam fillings can last 10 to 15 years or more, often outlasting other types of fillings.
- Cost-Effective: Amalgam is generally less expensive than other filling materials, such as composite resin or porcelain, making it a cost-effective solution for dental restorations.
- Quick Application: The placement of an amalgam filling is a straightforward procedure that typically takes less time than other filling options.
How Are Amalgam Fillings Placed?
The process of placing an amalgam filling involves the following steps:
Preparation: Your dentist will numb the affected area with local anesthesia to ensure a comfortable experience. The decayed portion of the tooth is then removed using a drill.
Shaping: Once the decay is removed, the dentist shapes the cavity to accommodate the filling material.
Placing the Amalgam: The amalgam mixture is carefully packed into the cavity and shaped to match the natural contours of your tooth.
Polishing: After the filling is placed, your dentist will smooth and polish the surface to ensure a comfortable bite and proper fit.
Amalgam Fillings Procedure
The terms “one surface,” “two surface,” and “three surface” refer to the number of tooth surfaces that the amalgam filling covers. Here’s a closer look at what each type entails:
A one surface amalgam filling is used to repair decay or damage on a single surface of the tooth. This could be the chewing surface (occlusal) of a molar or a single side (buccal or lingual) of a tooth.
A two surface amalgam filling covers two surfaces of the tooth. For example, it might extend from the chewing surface down one side of the tooth, or cover two adjacent sides.
A three surface amalgam filling repairs decay that has spread across three surfaces of the tooth. This could include the chewing surface and two sides, or the connection between multiple sides.
Are Amalgam Fillings Safe?
Amalgam fillings contain mercury, which has raised concerns about their safety. However, extensive research by organizations like the American Dental Association (ADA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has shown that amalgam fillings are safe for most people. The mercury in amalgam is bound to other metals, making it stable and not harmful to your health.
While amalgam fillings are generally safe, some individuals may prefer alternative materials due to concerns about mercury exposure or for aesthetic reasons. It’s important to discuss any concerns with your dentist, who can recommend the best filling material for your needs.